//! This module deals with serializing rust types into raw SPA pods.
//!
//! A raw pod can be serialized by passing a implementor of the [`PodSerialize`] trait
//! to [`PodSerializer::serialize`].
//!
//! The crate provides a number of implementors of this trait either directly,
//! or through [`FixedSizedPod`](`super::FixedSizedPod`).
//!
//! You can also implement the [`PodSerialize`] trait on another type yourself. See the traits documentation for more
//! information on how to do that.

use std::{
    convert::TryInto,
    ffi::CString,
    io::{Seek, SeekFrom, Write},
    marker::PhantomData,
};

pub use cookie_factory::GenError;
use cookie_factory::{
    bytes::{ne_u32, ne_u64, ne_u8},
    combinator::slice,
    gen,
    multi::all,
    sequence::{pair, tuple},
    SerializeFn,
};

use crate::{
    pod::ChoiceValue,
    utils::{Choice, ChoiceEnum},
};

use super::{CanonicalFixedSizedPod, FixedSizedPod, PropertyFlags, Value, ValueArray};

/// Implementors of this trait are able to serialize themselves into a SPA pod by using a [`PodSerializer`].
///
/// Their [`serialize`](`PodSerialize::serialize`) method should invoke exactly one of the `serialize_*()` methods
/// of the provided [`PodSerializer`] that fits the type that will be serialized.
///
/// If you want to serialize into a pod that always has the same size, implement [`FixedSizedPod`] instead
/// and this trait will be implemented for you automatically.
///
/// # Examples
/// Make a type serialize into a `String` pod.
/// ```rust
/// use std::io;
/// use libspa::pod::serialize::{GenError, PodSerialize, PodSerializer, SerializeSuccess};
///
/// struct StringNewtype(String);
///
/// impl PodSerialize for StringNewtype {
///     fn serialize<O: io::Write + io::Seek>(
///         &self,
///         serializer: PodSerializer<O>,
///     ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
///         serializer.serialize_string(self.0.as_str())
///     }
/// }
/// ```
/// `Bytes` pods are created in the same way, but with the `serialize_bytes` method.
///
/// Make a type serialize into a `Array` pod with `Int` pod elements:
/// ```rust
/// use std::io;
/// use libspa::pod::serialize::{GenError, PodSerialize, PodSerializer, SerializeSuccess};
///
/// struct Numbers(Vec<i32>);
///
/// impl PodSerialize for Numbers {
///     fn serialize<O: io::Write + io::Seek>(
///         &self,
///         serializer: PodSerializer<O>,
///     ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
///         let mut array_serializer = serializer.serialize_array(self.0.len() as u32)?;
///         for element in self.0.iter() {
///             array_serializer.serialize_element(element)?;
///         }
///         array_serializer.end()
///     }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Make a struct serialize into a `Struct` pod:
/// ```rust
/// use std::io;
/// use libspa::pod::serialize::{GenError, PodSerialize, PodSerializer, SerializeSuccess};
///
/// struct Animal {
///     name: String,
///     feet: u8,
///     can_fly: bool,
/// }
///
/// impl PodSerialize for Animal {
///     fn serialize<O: io::Write + io::Seek>(
///         &self,
///         serializer: PodSerializer<O>,
///     ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
///         let mut struct_serializer = serializer.serialize_struct()?;
///         struct_serializer.serialize_field(self.name.as_str())?;
///         // No pod exists for u8, we need to use an `Int` type pod by casting to `i32`.
///         struct_serializer.serialize_field(&(self.feet as i32))?;
///         struct_serializer.serialize_field(&self.can_fly)?;
///         struct_serializer.end()
///     }
/// }
/// ```
pub trait PodSerialize {
    /// Serialize the type by using the provided [`PodSerializer`]
    fn serialize<O: Write + Seek>(
        &self,
        serializer: PodSerializer<O>,
    ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError>;
}

// Serialize into a `String` pod.
impl PodSerialize for str {
    fn serialize<O: Write + Seek>(
        &self,
        serializer: PodSerializer<O>,
    ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        serializer.serialize_string(self)
    }
}

// Serialize into a `Bytes` pod.
impl PodSerialize for [u8] {
    fn serialize<O: Write + Seek>(
        &self,
        serializer: PodSerializer<O>,
    ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        serializer.serialize_bytes(self)
    }
}

// Serialize into the kind of pod represented by the value.
impl PodSerialize for Value {
    fn serialize<O: Write + Seek>(
        &self,
        serializer: PodSerializer<O>,
    ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        /// Helper function that fully serializes an array containing FixedSizedPod elements.
        fn serialize_array<E: FixedSizedPod, O: Write + Seek>(
            array: &[E],
            serializer: PodSerializer<O>,
        ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
            let mut arr_serializer = serializer.serialize_array(array.len() as u32)?;
            for e in array.iter() {
                arr_serializer.serialize_element(e)?;
            }
            arr_serializer.end()
        }

        match self {
            Value::None => serializer.serialized_fixed_sized_pod(&()),
            Value::Bool(b) => serializer.serialized_fixed_sized_pod(b),
            Value::Id(id) => serializer.serialized_fixed_sized_pod(id),
            Value::Int(i) => serializer.serialized_fixed_sized_pod(i),
            Value::Long(l) => serializer.serialized_fixed_sized_pod(l),
            Value::Float(f) => serializer.serialized_fixed_sized_pod(f),
            Value::Double(d) => serializer.serialized_fixed_sized_pod(d),
            Value::String(s) => serializer.serialize_string(s.as_str()),
            Value::Bytes(b) => serializer.serialize_bytes(b.as_slice()),
            Value::Rectangle(rect) => serializer.serialized_fixed_sized_pod(rect),
            Value::Fraction(frac) => serializer.serialized_fixed_sized_pod(frac),
            Value::Fd(fd) => serializer.serialized_fixed_sized_pod(fd),
            Value::ValueArray(array) => match array {
                ValueArray::None(arr) => serialize_array(arr, serializer),
                ValueArray::Bool(arr) => serialize_array(arr, serializer),
                ValueArray::Id(arr) => serialize_array(arr, serializer),
                ValueArray::Int(arr) => serialize_array(arr, serializer),
                ValueArray::Long(arr) => serialize_array(arr, serializer),
                ValueArray::Float(arr) => serialize_array(arr, serializer),
                ValueArray::Double(arr) => serialize_array(arr, serializer),
                ValueArray::Rectangle(arr) => serialize_array(arr, serializer),
                ValueArray::Fraction(arr) => serialize_array(arr, serializer),
                ValueArray::Fd(arr) => serialize_array(arr, serializer),
            },
            Value::Struct(array) => {
                let mut struct_serializer = serializer.serialize_struct()?;
                for elem in array.iter() {
                    struct_serializer.serialize_field(elem)?;
                }
                struct_serializer.end()
            }
            Value::Object(object) => {
                let mut object_serializer = serializer.serialize_object(object.type_, object.id)?;
                for prop in object.properties.iter() {
                    object_serializer.serialize_property(prop.key, &prop.value, prop.flags)?;
                }
                object_serializer.end()
            }
            Value::Choice(choice) => match choice {
                ChoiceValue::Bool(choice) => serializer.serialize_choice(choice),
                ChoiceValue::Int(choice) => serializer.serialize_choice(choice),
                ChoiceValue::Long(choice) => serializer.serialize_choice(choice),
                ChoiceValue::Float(choice) => serializer.serialize_choice(choice),
                ChoiceValue::Double(choice) => serializer.serialize_choice(choice),
                ChoiceValue::Id(choice) => serializer.serialize_choice(choice),
                ChoiceValue::Rectangle(choice) => serializer.serialize_choice(choice),
                ChoiceValue::Fraction(choice) => serializer.serialize_choice(choice),
                ChoiceValue::Fd(choice) => serializer.serialize_choice(choice),
            },
            Value::Pointer(type_, pointer) => serializer.serialize_pointer(*type_, *pointer),
        }
    }
}

impl<P: FixedSizedPod> PodSerialize for [P] {
    fn serialize<O: Write + Seek>(
        &self,
        serializer: PodSerializer<O>,
    ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        let mut arr_serializer = serializer.serialize_array(
            self.len()
                .try_into()
                .expect("Array length does not fit in a u32"),
        )?;

        for element in self.iter() {
            arr_serializer.serialize_element(element)?;
        }

        arr_serializer.end()
    }
}

impl<T> PodSerialize for (u32, *const T) {
    fn serialize<O: Write + Seek>(
        &self,
        serializer: PodSerializer<O>,
    ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        serializer.serialize_pointer(self.0, self.1)
    }
}

/// This struct is returned by [`PodSerialize`] implementors on serialization success.
///
/// Because this can only be constructed by the [`PodSerializer`], [`PodSerialize`] implementors are forced
/// to finish serialization of their pod instead of stopping after serializing only part of a pod.
pub struct SerializeSuccess<O: Write + Seek> {
    /// Because [`PodSerialize`] implementors get ownership of the serializer,
    /// it is returned back to the caller in this struct.
    serializer: PodSerializer<O>,
    /// The number of bytes written by the serialization operation that returns this struct.
    len: u64,
}

/// This struct is responsible for serializing a [`PodSerialize`] implementor into the raw POD format.
pub struct PodSerializer<O: Write + Seek> {
    /// The writer is saved in an option, but can be expected to always be a `Some` when a `serialize_*` function
    /// is called.
    /// The function should then `take()` the writer, use it to serialize the item,
    /// and must then put the writer back inside.
    /// The [`Self::gen`] function can be used to do this.
    out: Option<O>,
}

impl<O: Write + Seek> PodSerializer<O> {
    /// Serialize the provided POD into the raw pod format, writing it into `out`.
    ///
    /// When serializing into an in-memory-buffer such as [`Vec`], you might have to wrap it into a [`std::io::Cursor`]
    /// to provide the [`Seek`] trait.
    ///
    /// The function returns back the `out` writer and the number of bytes written,
    /// or a generation error if serialization failed.
    pub fn serialize<P>(out: O, pod: &P) -> Result<(O, u64), GenError>
    where
        P: PodSerialize + ?Sized,
    {
        let serializer = Self { out: Some(out) };

        pod.serialize(serializer).map(|success| {
            (
                success
                    .serializer
                    .out
                    .expect("Serializer does not contain a writer"),
                success.len,
            )
        })
    }

    /// Helper serialization method for serializing the Pod header.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - size: The size of the pod body
    /// - type: The type of the pod, e.g. `spa_sys::SPA_TYPE_Int` for a `spa_pod_int`
    fn header(size: usize, ty: u32) -> impl SerializeFn<O> {
        pair(ne_u32(size as u32), ne_u32(ty))
    }

    /// Helper serialization function for adding padding to a pod..
    ///
    /// Pad output with 0x00 bytes so that it is aligned to 8 bytes.
    fn padding(len: usize) -> impl SerializeFn<O> {
        let zeroes = std::iter::repeat(0u8);
        all(zeroes.take(len).map(ne_u8))
    }

    /// Use the provided serialization function to write into the writer contained in self.
    fn gen(&mut self, f: impl SerializeFn<O>) -> Result<u64, GenError> {
        gen(
            f,
            self.out
                .take()
                .expect("PodSerializer does not contain a writer"),
        )
        .map(|(writer, len)| {
            self.out = Some(writer);
            len
        })
    }

    /// Write out a full pod (header, body, padding), with the body computed using the provided serialization function.
    fn write_pod(
        mut self,
        size: usize,
        type_: u32,
        f: impl SerializeFn<O>,
    ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        let padding = if size % 8 == 0 { 0 } else { 8 - (size % 8) };
        let written = self.gen(tuple((
            Self::header(size, type_),
            f,
            Self::padding(padding),
        )))?;

        Ok(SerializeSuccess {
            serializer: self,
            len: written,
        })
    }

    // Implementation note:
    // Each `serialize_*` function must serialize the _full_ pod, meaning header, body, and padding.
    // The `write_pod` method may be used to help with this.

    /// Serialize any fixed size pod.
    ///
    /// The type of the serialized pod will depend on the [`FixedSizedPod::CanonicalType`] that the passed type has.
    pub fn serialized_fixed_sized_pod<P>(self, pod: &P) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError>
    where
        P: FixedSizedPod + ?Sized,
    {
        self.write_pod(
            P::CanonicalType::SIZE as usize,
            P::CanonicalType::TYPE,
            |out| pod.as_canonical_type().serialize_body(out),
        )
    }

    /// Serialize a `String` pod.
    pub fn serialize_string(self, string: &str) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        let cstr = CString::new(string)
            .expect("Pod::String contains string with '\0' byte")
            .into_bytes_with_nul();
        self.write_pod(cstr.len(), spa_sys::SPA_TYPE_String, slice(cstr))
    }

    /// Serialize a `Bytes` pod.
    pub fn serialize_bytes(self, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        self.write_pod(bytes.len(), spa_sys::SPA_TYPE_Bytes, slice(bytes))
    }

    /// Begin serializing an `Array` pod with exactly `length` elements.
    pub fn serialize_array<P: FixedSizedPod>(
        mut self,
        length: u32,
    ) -> Result<ArrayPodSerializer<O, P>, GenError> {
        self.gen(pair(
            Self::header(
                (8 + length * P::CanonicalType::SIZE) as usize,
                spa_sys::SPA_TYPE_Array,
            ),
            Self::header(P::CanonicalType::SIZE as usize, P::CanonicalType::TYPE),
        ))?;

        Ok(ArrayPodSerializer {
            serializer: self,
            length,
            written: 0,
            _phantom: PhantomData,
        })
    }

    /// Begin serializing a `Struct` pod.
    pub fn serialize_struct(mut self) -> Result<StructPodSerializer<O>, GenError> {
        let header_position = self
            .out
            .as_mut()
            .expect("PodSerializer does not contain a writer")
            .stream_position()
            .expect("Could not get current position in writer");

        // Write a size of 0 for now, this will be updated when calling `StructPodSerializer.end()`.
        self.gen(Self::header(0, spa_sys::SPA_TYPE_Struct))?;

        Ok(StructPodSerializer {
            serializer: Some(self),
            header_position,
            written: 0,
        })
    }

    /// Begin serializing an `Object` pod.
    pub fn serialize_object(
        mut self,
        object_type: u32,
        object_id: u32,
    ) -> Result<ObjectPodSerializer<O>, GenError> {
        let header_position = self
            .out
            .as_mut()
            .expect("PodSerializer does not contain a writer")
            .stream_position()
            .expect("Could not get current position in writer");

        // Write a size of 0 for now, this will be updated when calling `ObjectPodSerializer.end()`.
        self.gen(Self::header(0, spa_sys::SPA_TYPE_Object))?;
        self.gen(pair(ne_u32(object_type), ne_u32(object_id)))?;

        Ok(ObjectPodSerializer {
            serializer: Some(self),
            header_position,
            written: 0,
        })
    }

    /// Serialize a `Choice` pod.
    pub fn serialize_choice<T: CanonicalFixedSizedPod>(
        mut self,
        choice: &Choice<T>,
    ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        let flags = choice.0;

        let (choice_type, values) = match &choice.1 {
            ChoiceEnum::None(value) => (spa_sys::SPA_CHOICE_None, vec![value]),
            ChoiceEnum::Range { default, min, max } => {
                (spa_sys::SPA_CHOICE_Range, vec![default, min, max])
            }
            ChoiceEnum::Step {
                default,
                min,
                max,
                step,
            } => (spa_sys::SPA_CHOICE_Step, vec![default, min, max, step]),
            ChoiceEnum::Enum {
                default,
                alternatives,
            } => {
                let mut values = vec![default];
                values.extend(alternatives);
                (spa_sys::SPA_CHOICE_Enum, values)
            }
            ChoiceEnum::Flags { default, flags } => {
                let mut values = vec![default];
                values.extend(flags);
                (spa_sys::SPA_CHOICE_Flags, values)
            }
        };

        let len: usize = 2 * 8 + values.len() * (T::SIZE as usize);

        self.gen(Self::header(len, spa_sys::SPA_TYPE_Choice))?;
        self.gen(pair(ne_u32(choice_type), ne_u32(flags.bits())))?;
        self.gen(pair(ne_u32(T::SIZE), ne_u32(T::TYPE)))?;

        for v in values {
            self.gen(|out| v.serialize_body(out))?;
        }

        let padding = if len % 8 == 0 { 0 } else { 8 - (len % 8) };

        // Add padding to the pod.
        let pad_bytes = self.gen(PodSerializer::padding(padding))?;

        Ok(SerializeSuccess {
            serializer: self,
            // pod header + choice body + padding
            len: 8 + len as u64 + pad_bytes,
        })
    }

    /// Serialize a pointer pod.
    pub fn serialize_pointer<T>(
        mut self,
        type_: u32,
        ptr: *const T,
    ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        let ptr_size = std::mem::size_of::<usize>();
        let len = 8 + ptr_size;

        let mut written = self.gen(Self::header(len, spa_sys::SPA_TYPE_Pointer))?;
        written += self.gen(pair(ne_u32(type_), ne_u32(0)))?;

        written += match ptr_size {
            4 => self.gen(ne_u32(ptr as u32))?,
            8 => self.gen(ne_u64(ptr as u64))?,
            _ => panic!("unsupported pointer size {}", ptr_size),
        };

        Ok(SerializeSuccess {
            serializer: self,
            len: written,
        })
    }
}

/// This struct handles serializing arrays.
///
/// It can be obtained by calling [`PodSerializer::serialize_array`].
///
/// The exact number of elements that was specified during that call must be written into it
/// using its [`serialize_element`](`Self::serialize_element`) function,
/// followed by calling its [`end`](`Self::end`) function to finish serialization of the array.
pub struct ArrayPodSerializer<O: Write + Seek, P: FixedSizedPod> {
    serializer: PodSerializer<O>,
    /// The total length the array should have
    length: u32,
    /// The number of elements that have been written already
    written: u32,
    /// The struct has the type parameter P to ensure all serialized elements are the same type,
    /// but doesn't actually own any P, so we need the `PhantomData<P>` instead.
    _phantom: PhantomData<P>,
}

impl<O: Write + Seek, P: FixedSizedPod> ArrayPodSerializer<O, P> {
    /// Serialize a single element.
    ///
    /// Returns the amount of bytes written for this field.
    pub fn serialize_element(&mut self, elem: &P) -> Result<u64, GenError> {
        if !self.written < self.length {
            panic!("More elements than specified were serialized into the array POD");
        }

        let result = self
            .serializer
            .gen(|out| elem.as_canonical_type().serialize_body(out));
        self.written += 1;
        result
    }

    /// Finish serializing the array.
    pub fn end(mut self) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        assert_eq!(
            self.length, self.written,
            "Array POD was not serialized with the specified amount of elements"
        );

        let bytes_written = self.written * P::CanonicalType::SIZE;

        let padding = if bytes_written % 8 == 0 {
            0
        } else {
            8 - (bytes_written as usize % 8)
        };

        // Add padding to the pod.
        let pad_bytes = self.serializer.gen(PodSerializer::padding(padding))?;

        Ok(SerializeSuccess {
            serializer: self.serializer,
            // Number of bytes written for the pod is two headers + body length + padding
            len: 16 + u64::from(self.written * P::CanonicalType::SIZE) + pad_bytes,
        })
    }
}

/// This struct handles serializing structs.
///
/// It can be obtained by calling [`PodSerializer::serialize_struct`].
///
/// Its [`serialize_field`](`Self::serialize_field`) method can be repeatedly called to serialize one field each.
/// To finalize the struct, its [`end`](`Self::end`) method must be called.
pub struct StructPodSerializer<O: Write + Seek> {
    /// The serializer is saved in an option, but can be expected to always be a `Some`
    /// when `serialize_field()` or `end()` is called.
    ///
    /// `serialize_field()` `take()`s the serializer, uses it to serialize the field,
    /// and then puts the serializer back inside.
    serializer: Option<PodSerializer<O>>,
    /// The position to seek to when modifying header.
    header_position: u64,
    written: usize,
}

impl<O: Write + Seek> StructPodSerializer<O> {
    /// Serialize a single field of the struct.
    ///
    /// Returns the amount of bytes written for this field.
    pub fn serialize_field<P>(&mut self, field: &P) -> Result<u64, GenError>
    where
        P: PodSerialize + ?Sized,
    {
        let success = field.serialize(
            self.serializer
                .take()
                .expect("StructSerializer does not contain a serializer"),
        )?;
        self.written += success.len as usize;
        self.serializer = Some(success.serializer);
        Ok(success.len)
    }

    /// Finish serialization of the pod.
    pub fn end(self) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        let mut serializer = self
            .serializer
            .expect("StructSerializer does not contain a serializer");

        // Seek to header position, write header with updates size, seek back.
        serializer
            .out
            .as_mut()
            .expect("Serializer does not contain a writer")
            .seek(SeekFrom::Start(self.header_position))
            .expect("Failed to seek to header position");

        serializer.gen(PodSerializer::header(
            self.written,
            spa_sys::SPA_TYPE_Struct,
        ))?;

        serializer
            .out
            .as_mut()
            .expect("Serializer does not contain a writer")
            .seek(SeekFrom::End(0))
            .expect("Failed to seek to end");

        // No padding needed: Last field will already end aligned.

        // Return full length of written pod.
        Ok(SerializeSuccess {
            serializer,
            len: self.written as u64 + 8,
        })
    }
}

/// This struct handles serializing objects.
///
/// It can be obtained by calling [`PodSerializer::serialize_object`].
///
/// Its [`serialize_property`](`Self::serialize_property`) method can be repeatedly called to serialize each property.
/// To finalize the object, its [`end`](`Self::end`) method must be called.
pub struct ObjectPodSerializer<O: Write + Seek> {
    /// The serializer is saved in an option, but can be expected to always be a `Some`
    /// when `serialize_field()` or `end()` is called.
    ///
    /// `serialize_property()` `take()`s the serializer, uses it to serialize the property,
    /// and then puts the serializer back inside.
    serializer: Option<PodSerializer<O>>,
    /// The position to seek to when modifying header.
    header_position: u64,
    written: usize,
}

impl<O: Write + Seek> ObjectPodSerializer<O> {
    /// Serialize a single property of the object.
    ///
    /// Returns the amount of bytes written for this field.
    pub fn serialize_property<P>(
        &mut self,
        key: u32,
        value: &P,
        flags: PropertyFlags,
    ) -> Result<u64, GenError>
    where
        P: PodSerialize + ?Sized,
    {
        let mut serializer = self
            .serializer
            .take()
            .expect("ObjectPodSerializer does not contain a serializer");

        serializer.gen(pair(ne_u32(key), ne_u32(flags.bits())))?;
        let mut success = value.serialize(serializer)?;
        success.len += 8; // add the key and flags len

        self.written += success.len as usize;
        self.serializer = Some(success.serializer);

        Ok(success.len)
    }

    /// Finish serialization of the pod.
    pub fn end(self) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        let mut serializer = self
            .serializer
            .expect("ObjectSerializer does not contain a serializer");

        // Seek to header position, write header with updates size, seek back.
        serializer
            .out
            .as_mut()
            .expect("Serializer does not contain a writer")
            .seek(SeekFrom::Start(self.header_position))
            .expect("Failed to seek to header position");

        // size of properties + object type + object id
        let written = self.written + 8;

        serializer.gen(PodSerializer::header(written, spa_sys::SPA_TYPE_Object))?;

        serializer
            .out
            .as_mut()
            .expect("Serializer does not contain a writer")
            .seek(SeekFrom::End(0))
            .expect("Failed to seek to end");

        // No padding needed: Last field will already end aligned.

        // Return full length of written pod.
        Ok(SerializeSuccess {
            serializer,
            // pod header + object body
            len: 8 + written as u64,
        })
    }
}

impl<T: CanonicalFixedSizedPod + FixedSizedPod> PodSerialize for Choice<T> {
    fn serialize<O: Write + Seek>(
        &self,
        serializer: PodSerializer<O>,
    ) -> Result<SerializeSuccess<O>, GenError> {
        serializer.serialize_choice(self)
    }
}